The display "The post-war development of Sakhalin" shows events in Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands from 1945 to the mid-1960s. Visitors can learn how modem Sakhalin developed - its population, economy and culture. The display starts with materials on the post-war settlement of territorial problems.

The next display shows people of South Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands at the end of the 1940s, and how they lived. Towns, Japanese women, and children talking to Soviet soldiers are depicted in the photos. The repatriation of the Japanese population was complete by the beginning of the 1950s.

Original objects and photos relating to South Sakhalin Koreans are shown. These Korean people were recruited by the Japanese, and forced to stay and make a new home in Sakhalin.

Articles of family life and religion, and photos and documents demonstrating the indigenous people of the southern part of Sakhalin, and the Kurile Islands Ainu in the late 1940s and early 1950s are represented in the display as well. By the beginning of the 1950s, however, the over-whelming majority of the Ainu had been repatriated to Japan.

Documents, photos and the map on the next display show the formation of the South Sakhalin region, and then the modem united Sakhalin.

In the second part of the 1940s and early 1950s, Soviet people started to migrate to South Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands. It was a crucial moment in the history of the region. Original documents of the settlers demonstrate the broad spread of places from where people came. A placard - "Comrades kolkhozniks (collective farmers)! Migrate to the rich soils of Sakhalin region", typical of those years, shows the inducements offered to settlers. The interior of a typical settler's room in the 1940s or 1950s is in the centre of the display. This case gives an idea of the way of life of people who came to Sakhalin at the call of the CPSU and the Komsomol to build up the economy of the region.

The 1950s were marked by a fresh post-war upsurge of labour and creative activity, in the Sakhalin region, as well as all over the country. The collection describes the establishment of new branches of industry in the southern part of the island and in the Kuriles, and the development of the economy of the northern part of the region. It transmits the spirit of that time and the enthusiasm of the people. The collection has photos of the enterprises, and of leading people in the oil, coal and fishing industries, all of which made great progress in these years. There is a model of a floating fish-factory, "Soviet Sakhalin". These floating factories, seiners, appeared in the 1950s, and made it possible to fish successfully far out in the open sea.

Some photos on display show the standard of living and spiritual life of the working people of the Sakhalin region. House-building, health protection and public education were being intensively developed.

The last show-case of this collection has the first radio receivers, and a "Record" TV set from the 1960s. At that time a radio and television complex and a satellite earth station "Orbita", were built in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, which made it possible to receive central television programs.