As many as 372 bird species have been noted in the Sakhalin region. Among them are nesting birds of passage, nesting and wintering birds, wintering only species, and casual visitors. About 50 of them are rare in the fauna of Russia, and are entered and registered in the Red Book. The collection of rare birds includes the visiting White-naped Crane (Grus vipio) and two storks (Ciconiidae) - a Far Eastern Stork (Ciconia boy-ciana) and a Black Stork (Ciconia nigra), birds of prey (Accipitridae) - a White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), and a White-shouldered Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus), falcons (Falconidae) - a Peregrine Falcon (Faico peregrinus) and Gyrfalcon (Faico gyrfaico), ducks (Anatidae) -Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata), sandpipers (Charadriidae), a Japanese Snipe (Gallinago hardwickii) and a Mountain Great Snipe (Gallinago solitaire), and pigeons (Columbidae) like the Green Pigeon (Sphenurus sieboldii).

The species ecologically associated with water are the most numerous on the islands. Sea birds like cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae), sea-gulls (Laridae), and auks, guillemots and puffins (Alcidae), form huge seashore colonies. Nesting colonies can number from several pairs to several hundred thousand birds. The map shows the locations of more than 20 major bird colonies on the islands.

Large gatherings of swans (Cugnus eugnus), and various species of ducks (Anatidae) and sandpipers (Charadriidae) can be observed in the gulfs and on the shores during migration periods in spring and autumn. All the year round, sea eagles - the White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the White-shouldered Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus), crows - the Jungle Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), and the Carrion Crow (C.corone), and the Raven (C. corax) live on the seashores. The White Polar Owl (Nyctea scandiaca), and the Peregrine Falcon (Falcoperegrinus) come to the islands and stay for the winter on the seashores.

A typical tundra bird, Willow Grouse (Lagopus lagopus), occupies the tundra-like landscapes of North Sakhalin, and the sparse deciduous woods of northern and middle parts of the island. The collection has an ecological group including the Willow Grouse with spring and winter feathering.

Among forest birds, the woodpeckers (Piciformes) and the passerines (Passeriformes) are the most common. More than 70 species shown in the collection winter on the islands. The display shows various birds: a Hazel Grouse (Tetrastes bonasia), a Wood Grouse (Tetrao parvirostris), a Willow Grouse (Lagopus lagopus); and the woodpeckers (Piciformes), which remain in the island forests throughout the winter: a Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius), a Grey Woodpecker (Picus canus), a Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), a Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor), a Small Sharp-winged Woodpecker (Yungipicus kizuki), and a Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus).

The collection shows the passerine birds, the most numerous in the forests: the Nuthatch (Sitta europaea). Tits (Paridae), the Crossbill (Loxia curviros-tra), the Pine-grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), the Waxwing (Bombycilla gamilus), the Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula), the Jay (Gan-ulus grandarius), the Nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes). Brown Tree Creepers (Certhia familiaris), and several others.

We also see the birds that winter on some of the unfrozen rivers of Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands: a Hermit Snipe (Gallinago solitaria) and a Brown Dipper (Cinclus pallasii).

The collection of forest birds has rare southern (warmth-loving) species as well: a Green Pigeon (Sphenurus sieboldii) and a Japanese Yellow-backed Flycatcher (Xanthopygia narcissina). These birds nest in South Sakhalin and in the South Kurile Islands.

Jungle and Carrion Crows, and the Field Sparrow (Passer montanus) shown on display are the most common birds of towns and villages.